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Washington has significantly reduced its troop presence in Syria, its special envoy to the country Thomas Barrack has said, amid warming ties with Damascus after a rebel uprising toppled former president Bashar al-Assad in December.
美国驻叙利亚特使托马斯•巴拉克(Thomas Barrack)表示，华盛顿已大幅削减其在叙利亚的驻军，华盛顿与大马士革的关系在起义军12月推翻前总统巴沙尔•阿萨德(Bashar al-Assad)后正在升温。
The reduction reflects the shifting regional security landscape and improved relations between the former pariah state and the White House. It follows a Pentagon announcement earlier this year that the US would consolidate bases and troop numbers.
减少驻军反映了地区安全格局的变化以及这个前贱民国家与白宫关系的改善。此前，五角大楼在今年早些时候宣布，美国将整合基地和部队数量。
The troop drawdown is “happening”, Barrack, who also serves as US ambassador to Ankara, told Turkish broadcaster NTV in an interview on Monday evening. “We’ve gone from eight bases, to five, to three. We’ll eventually go to one,” he said, adding that regional partners would need to bolster a new security arrangement.
兼任美国驻安卡拉大使的巴拉克周一晚间在接受土耳其NTV电视台采访时说，撤军正在“进行中”。“我们已经从八个基地缩减到五个，到三个。最终将只保留一个，”他说，并补充说，地区合作伙伴需要加强一个新的安全安排。
“Our job is not as a security guarantor for everybody and all sides of this,” Barrack said, adding that there was an opportunity to “have a new dialogue for everybody in the region free of American intervention”.
巴拉克说：“我们的工作不是为这里的所有人和所有各方提供安全保障。”他补充说，现在有机会“在没有美国干预的情况下让该地区的所有人开展新的对话”。
In April, the Pentagon said the military would reduce troops in Syria’s north-east, where it has based its counter-Isis operation since 2014, from 2,000 to “less than 1,000”, reflecting the “success the United States has had against Isis”.
今年4月，五角大楼表示，军方将把自2014年以来一直驻扎在叙利亚东北部打击伊斯兰国的部队从2000人减少到“不到1000人”，这反映了“美国在打击伊斯兰国方面取得的成功”。
The shift also reflects President Donald Trump’s long-held aversion to keeping US troops in Syria. In 2018, during his first term, Trump ordered the withdrawal of all US troops from northeastern Syria before reversing his decision two months later.
这一转变也反映了唐纳德•特朗普总统长期以来对在叙利亚驻军的反感。在第一个任期内的2018年，特朗普下令从叙利亚东北部撤出所有美军，但两个月后又推翻了这一决定。
At that time, the move caused panic among the Kurdish-led Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF), which have run a de facto state in the north-east for years. They have been armed and trained by the US after Washington identified the SDF as its main local partner in the fight against Isis.
当时，此举引起了库尔德人领导的叙利亚民主军(SDF)的恐慌，该势力多年来一直在东北部管理着一个事实上的国家。在华盛顿将SDF确定为打击伊斯兰国的主要当地合作伙伴后，美国为他们提供了武装和训练。
But the SDF’s presence on the border region with Turkey has long riled Ankara, which considers the militants as an extension of the Kurdistan Workers’ party (PKK), a separatist group that has fought a four-decade insurgency against the Turkish state but said last month it would disband.
但SDF在与土耳其接壤的边境地区的存在长期以来一直令安卡拉恼火，因为安卡拉认为这些武装分子是库尔德工人党(PKK)的延伸。库尔德工人党是一个分离主义组织，与土耳其政府进行了长达四十年的叛乱斗争，但上个月表示将解散。
Turkey has launched several offensives into Syria since 2016 to push the SDF back from its borders, and has armed and trained Syrian factions to counter the Kurdish militants.
自2016年以来，土耳其向叙利亚境内发动了数次攻势，将SDF从其边境击退，并武装和训练叙利亚其他派别以对抗库尔德武装分子。
After Trump was elected to a second term, the SDF began preparing for a scenario in which US troops would be withdrawn once more. That accelerated with the fall of Assad in December.
特朗普再次当选后，SDF开始为美军再次撤离的前景做准备。随着阿萨德12月倒台，这一进程有所加速。
In March, the US-backed SDF, which is estimated to have more than 60,000 fighters on its payroll, reached an agreement to integrate the group into the central government’s military and civil institutions, marking a significant breakthrough for interim authorities as they seek to extend control over the fragmented country.
3月，美国支持的SDF（估计总计有6万多名战士）达成协议，将该组织纳入中央政府的军事和民事机构，这标志着临时当局在寻求扩大对这个四分五裂国家的控制方面取得了重大突破。
That deal is due to be enacted by the end of the year, but there has been little progress on implementation as talks between the two sides stumbled over technicalities.
该协议计划将于今年年底颁布，但由于双方在技术问题上的谈判陷入僵局，在实施方面进展甚微。
Although territorially defeated in 2019, Isis remains a potent source of instability in Syria, particularly since Assad’s ousting created a security vacuum. The Pentagon has said it has carried out “dozens” of air strikes targeting Isis over the past year, to “deny them the ability to regain strength”.
尽管伊斯兰国已于2019年在叙利亚领土上被击败，但它仍然是叙利亚不稳定的一个强大根源，尤其是阿萨德倒台造成了安全真空。五角大楼表示，过去一年，它针对伊斯兰国实施了“数十次”空袭，以“摧毁其恢复实力的能力”。
A patchwork of rebel factions, many — but not all — loyal to President Ahmed al-Sharaa, are maintaining security as the government works to merge them into one centralised military.
在政府努力将各反叛派别合并为一支中央集权军队的同时，许多（但不是全部）忠于总统艾哈迈德•沙拉的反叛派别正在维护安全。
Isis has sought to exploit that vacuum. Last week, it claimed responsibility for two attacks targeting the new government in southern Sweida province, where Isis has been relatively inactive in recent years. The area is controlled by the Druze minority, which has not allowed central government forces to have a presence.
伊斯兰国试图利用这一真空。上周，它声称对针对南部斯维达省新政府的两起袭击事件负责，近年来伊斯兰国在该省相对不活跃。该地区由德鲁兹少数族群控制，他们不允许中央政府军驻扎。
Government forces have conducted raids against Isis operatives amid mounting concerns that it is regrouping.
由于越来越担心伊斯兰国正在重新集结，政府军对伊斯兰国武装分子进行了突袭。
The SDF runs prisons and camps holding tens of thousands of Isis fighters and their families. Concerns have grown among western and regional officials about the security of the facilities if the US withdraws completely and Damascus does not take control of them — a condition Washington imposed following the lifting of US sanctions last month.
SDF管理着关押数万名伊斯兰国战士及其家人的监狱和营地。西方和地区官员越来越担忧这些设施的安全，如果美国完全撤军，而且大马士革不控制这些设施（华盛顿上个月解除制裁后施加的条件）的话。