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US plans to slash spending on a flagship campaign against malaria threaten millions more cases and tens of thousands of extra deaths in Africa this year, according to new research on the potential impact of global aid cuts.
根据一项关于全球援助削减潜在影响的新研究，美国拟大幅削减其抗疟旗舰项目的支出，可能在今年令非洲新增数百万疟疾病例，并导致数以万计的额外死亡。
Scientists project that full funding of the President’s Malaria Initiative (PMI) would stop more than 13mn people on the continent contracting the mosquito-borne disease in 2025, but Donald Trump’s administration proposes to nearly halve its budget.
科学家预计，如果“总统抗疟倡议”(PMI)获得全额资助，2025年将可使非洲逾1300万人免于感染这种由蚊子传播的疾病，但唐纳德•特朗普政府提议将该项目预算削减近一半。
The study published in The Lancet underscores fears over the impact on global health of steep cuts to development assistance by Washington and some European capitals.
这项发表在《柳叶刀》上的研究凸显了外界对美国及部分欧洲国家大幅削减发展援助可能对全球健康造成影响的担忧。
“International aid budgets are under increasing pressure and difficult decisions must be made to protect the progress that has been made,” said Peter Gething, the research’s senior author and co-head of the Malaria Atlas Project at The Kids Research Institute Australia.
澳大利亚儿童研究所(The Kids Research Institute Australia)疟疾地图项目联合负责人、本项研究的首席作者彼得•盖辛(Peter Gething)表示：“国际援助预算正面临越来越大的压力，必须做出艰难的决定，以保护已经取得的进展。”
“At full strength, we estimated that PMI could prevent nearly 14mn malaria cases and save more than 100,000 lives in Africa this year, by protecting vulnerable populations with bed nets, insecticidal spraying and antimalarial drugs.”
“在完全运行的情况下，我们估计PMI今年可以通过提供蚊帐、杀虫喷洒和抗疟药物来保护弱势人群，从而在非洲预防近1400万疟疾病例，并挽救超过10万人的生命。”
The PMI, which was launched 20 years ago under President George W Bush, has invested more than $9bn via the US Agency for International Development.
总统抗疟倡议于20年前由乔治•W•布什总统发起，已通过美国国际开发署(USAID)累计投资超过90亿美元。
Congress appropriated about $800mn for it last year alone, but the Trump administration proposes to cut its annual budget by 47 per cent.
仅去年，国会就为其拨款约8亿美元，但特朗普政府提议将其年度预算削减47%。
The Lancet study looks at projected contributions of a fully-funded PMI to crucial malaria control measures, such as insecticide treatment of bed nets, preventive medication for children at the height of the malaria season, and routine treatment.
《柳叶刀》的研究评估了总统抗疟倡议在若获得全额资助的情况下，对关键抗疟措施的贡献，包括蚊帐的杀虫剂处理、疟疾高发季节为儿童提供预防性药物，以及常规治疗等。
It found the PMI would account for a big part of the total malaria response in 27 African countries this year, averting an estimated 11.3 per cent of cases and 37.5 per cent of deaths that would have occurred otherwise.
研究发现，总统抗疟倡议今年将在27个非洲国家的疟疾应对中占据重要地位，预计可避免约11.3%的疟疾病例和37.5%的疟疾死亡，否则这些病例和死亡可能发生。
International efforts have helped significantly reduce deaths from malaria, although children under the age of five still account for three-quarters of deaths in Africa.
虽然全球努力已显著降低疟疾死亡人数，但非洲五岁以下儿童仍占该地区疟疾死亡人数的四分之三。
There were 263mn cases of the disease and just under 600,000 deaths from it worldwide in 2023. An estimated 2.2bn cases of malaria and 12.7 million deaths have been averted by interventions since 2000, according to the World Health Organization.
2023年全球共报告2.63亿例疟疾病例，死亡人数接近60万。世界卫生组织的数据显示，自2000年以来，全球通过干预措施已避免约22亿例疟疾病例和1270万人死亡。
The proposed cuts to the PMI would be “devastating”, said Martin Edlund, chief executive of Malaria No More, a non-profit group campaigning to eradicate the disease.
致力于消除疟疾的非营利组织“无疟疾世界”首席执行官马丁•埃德伦(Martin Edlund)表示，对总统抗疟倡议的拟议削减将是“毁灭性的”。
“It would . . . reverse hard-won progress, hinder the rollout of new innovations, like breakthrough vaccines, and risk dangerous malaria outbreaks in vulnerable regions,” Edlund said. “By fighting malaria, the US promotes regional stability, advances American interests abroad, and strengthens its soft power.”
“这将抵消来之不易的进展，阻碍突破性疫苗等创新成果的推广，并可能在脆弱地区引发危险的疟疾暴发。”埃德伦说，“抗击疟疾有助于美国维护地区稳定、推进海外利益，并增强其软实力。”
The Global Fund to Fight Aids, Tuberculosis and Malaria, which relies on the US for a third of its resources, urged the Trump administration to continue the PMI’s long-running support for efforts to tackle the disease.
全球抗击艾滋病、结核病和疟疾基金会(Global Fund to Fight Aids, Tuberculosis and Malaria)三分之一的资源来自美国。该组织呼吁特朗普政府继续支持总统抗疟倡议在抗疟领域长期开展的工作。
“Together, PMI and the Global Fund account for 93 per cent of external financing for malaria — a vital lifeline for countries with limited fiscal space,” said Peter Sands, the fund’s executive director.
该基金执行董事彼得•桑兹表示：“总统抗疟倡议和全球基金共同占疟疾外部融资的93%，这对财政空间有限的国家来说是至关重要的生命线。”
“Domestic investments are growing, and malaria programmes are strengthening health systems — but global solidarity remains essential to avoid losing ground.”
“国内投资正在增长，疟疾防治项目也在加强卫生体系，但全球团结依然至关重要，否则我们可能会失去已有的进展。”